False Friends

Foreword

This is a list of words which may have different meanings in Anglish than in normal Modern English.

The List

Arm

Means "poor" in all senses. Its likeness to the word for the bodily limb is a coincidence, as is its likeness to "arm" that means "weapon", as that arm is from French and is the source of the "arm" in "firearm".

Boot

Means "remedy". It is still found in the phrase "to boot". The modern word (referring to footwear) appears to have come from French.

Bound

In English, "bound" is in truth, six different words of three diferent origins. The noun "bound" as in "out of bound", "boundary" comes from Old French; so is the verb to bound in the meaning of forming a boundary / a surrounding. Another French borrowing that came to the same shape (noun and verb) carries the meaning of jumping, or causing something to "rebound". "Bound" in the meaning of "likely to" or "prepared" is of Northish upspring. At last, "bound" as the past tense and past participle of to bind is fully Anglo-Saxon.

Cost

Means "choice", or a "means", a way to do something. It is related to the word "choose" and is apparently a Scandinavian borrowing.

Deal

Means "part". This is the old meaning of the word, and some trace of it can be found in phrases like "a great deal" and "deal out the cards".

Deer

Means "animal". This is the old meaning of the word before it was narrowed down to just one kind of animal. This kind of animal is called a "hart" in Anglish.

Doom

Means "judgement", as in "doomsday", the day of judgement. This is the old meaning of the word and is related to the verb "deem", in which the original meaning of "doom" is far more apparent.

Dutch

This word can refer to Germans and any other mainland West Germanic speakers. This is an older meaning which can still be seen in the term "Pennsylvania Dutch", "Dutch angle" and the American nickname "Dutch" for a German.

Fang

Means "catch" as a verb. The ordinary word fang is a noun and had the broader meaning of "instrument for catching".

Fast

Means "firm, secure". This is the word's older meaning, and it is still found in words like "steadfast", "fasten", and "fast friends".

Fax

Means "head-hair". It is still found in the surname "Fairfax", which means "fair-haired", and the name of the horse "Shadowfax" from The Lord of the Rings, meaning "grey-haired". The modern word "fax" is of unlike origin, as it is short for "facsimile" (a Latin formation).

Form

Means "original, primal". It has no connection to "form" meaning "external appearance"; instead, it is akin to the adjectives "former" and "foremost".

Lax

Means "salmon" (a kind of fish). It has no connection to the latinate word "lax" (meaning the opposite of "strict"), as in "relax".

Lease

Means "gather, glean", and since it rhymes with please, it is pronounced differently from the ordinary word lease (which is from French).

Man

Means "human". This old meaning is still seen in terms like mankind and businessman.

Mean

Means "common", "shared". This is the old meaning of the word.

More

Means "root" (like a carrot's or a parsnip's). It has no relation to "more" used as an adjective and an adverb.

Neat

The modern English adjective is of French origin, and displaced a homophonous native noun of meaning "cattle".

Near

Means "to save". Revived from early Middle English nerian.

Note

Means "use" and "usage". The modern word "note" is an Old French borrowing.

Ore

Means "honor". The "ore" with the usual, metallic meaning is unrelated.

Other

This word can mean "second" (as in "after first"). This is an old meaning of the word, as in, "First, other, third."

Saw

The noun counterpart of the verb "say". Thus, it means "what is said" and is commonly found in the phrase "old saw" (wherein "saw" means "saying, proverb"). The word "saga" is a learned borrowing of its Old Norse cognate. The modern word "saw" referring to the tool is unrelated.

Sax

This word can mean "shortsword", "dagger", "knife", and "Saxon". The modern word sax (shortening of saxophone) is distantly akin to this sax, since it is named after Adolphe Sax, whose last name is a variant of Sachs (meaning man of Saxony). An unstressed variant of sax appears in place names like Wessex and Essex.

Sicker

If you are sick, you may feel sicker tomorrow. However, that is unrelated to another sicker. This word, which is an adjective, was an early Anglo-Saxon borrowing (like Monk or Tile). Secure is a doublet of this but this came much later and from French. In some older sayings from New English this word is used, such as "Take the sicker path" and essentially means safe or dependable.

Sound

It's an adjective with the basic meaning of "healthy", also met in the expressions like "sound advice" or "safe and sound". It's unrelated to the noun "sound", which was borrowed from from French and displaced the native word "swey".

Sum

Other words on this list are given in their New English spellings, but this one might be a false friend if you're using the Anglish spelling. Everyday English word some in the Anglish spelling becomes sum, which in English is the spelling for an unrelated latinate word.

Suttle

This word may look and sound like "subtle" (which is from French), but it is unrelated. Suttle means "obvious" and it has been revived from Middle English sutel.

Wife

This word can mean "woman". This old meaning is still seen in the words midwife and goodwife. The word woman itself is a shortening of wife-man, where wife means female and man means human (see the entry for Man). The male equivalent to wife was often "were", known today in the word "were-wolf" (man-wolf), similar to the word wife, in that it could mean both "a man" and "a married man". Read: "a wife" / "a were" / "a man" vs. "my wife" / "my were" / "my man".

Wood

This word can mean "fury", "madness", "anger" as a noun, and "mad" as an adjective. This meaning is akin to the first segment of Wednesday, as that day is named after a "wooden god".